How Many Districts In Saudi Arabia

How Many Provinces Are There In Saudi Arabia Therefore, this examine used recognized group profile indicators to evaluate the geographic accessibility of present dental expertise inside the town of Al Madina, Saudi Arabia. Geographic coordinates have been recognized for 33 main clinics and forty eight non-public clinics. The Al Madina metropolitan area, containing 1,105,465 residents, was divided into 103 districts, in accordance with the 2010 inhabitants census. Clinic places and the variety of dentists at every clinic have been built-in with the city's inhabitants census information inside every district, employing a geographic facts system. The metropolis metropolitan region consisted of 103 neighborhoods with a complete of 1,105,465 residents (715,980 Saudis and 389,485 non-Saudis). Thirty-three fastened public main dental clinics and forty eight non-public dental clinics have been geocoded inside the municipality.

The metropolis exhibited an general practice-to-population ratio of 1 dental clinic per 13,647 residents. More clinics (55% public and 58% private) have been positioned inside three km of the town center. Notably, 8% of the inhabitants was positioned greater than 10 km from the town center. A complete of 37% of the city's districts have been recognized as areas of relative need; these have been primarily positioned in peripheral metropolitan areas. This research depicts a transparent instance of the inverse care law, the place men and women dwelling in outer metropolitan areas have much less spatial entry to dental care than these dwelling in inside metropolitan areas. To tackle these issues, this research developed a location allocation mannequin for EHFs to make certain equitable and useful entry to healthcare expertise for the aged in LAHCs.

Methods Based on discrete location theory, this paper develops a two-stage optimization mannequin for the spatial allocation of EHFs in LAHCs. In the primary stage, the candidate places of EHFs are specified employing geographic details system techniques. In the second stage, the optimum location and measurement of every EHF are decided headquartered on the grasping algorithm . Finally, the proposed two-stage optimization mannequin is examined employing the Daishan LAHC in Nanjing, Eastern China. Results The demand of the aged for accessibility to EHFs is according to Nanjing's planning standards. Deep insights into spatial knowledge are revealed by GIS methods that allow candidate places of EHFs to be obtained.

In addition, the mannequin helps EHF planners obtain fairness and effectivity simultaneously. Two optimum places for EHFs within the Daishan LAHC are identified, which in flip verifies the validity of the model. Conclusions As a technique for allocating EHFs, this two-stage mannequin improves the fairness and effectivity of entry to healthcare expertise for the aged by optimizing the potential websites for EHFs. It may even be used to aid policymakers in offering sufficient healthcare expertise for the low-income elderly. Furthermore, the mannequin could be prolonged to the allocation of different public-service amenities in several nations or regions.

The Anastasia Mosquito Control District of St. Johns County , St. Augustine, Florida, USA, was shaped in 1948 to cowl the 27 km2 of Anastasia Island and manipulate the black salt marsh mosquito, Aedes taeniorhynchus . Taeniorhynchus remains to be probably the most ample mosquito species within the county. Here we current the findings from sixteen years' worthy of surveillance information of AMCD mosquito populations at the side of annual land-use land-cover change and local weather information to raised fully grasp how environmental components have impacted SJC Ae. The statistical regression and geospatial analyses demonstrated the presence of spatial and temporal clusters of Ae. Taeniorhynchus abundance and distribution have been noticeably influenced by the annual differences of LULC and local weather variables.

The linear regression evaluation employing commonplace least sq. and corrected Akaike Information Criterion revealed a migration of mangrove swamps and saltwater marshes that corresponded to a southern shift within the spatial–temporal distribution of Ae. This was confirmed by the numerous change in LULC traits between three consultant years and the redistribution of Ae. The annual values of 4 local weather variables and three LULC sorts considerably predicted annual abundance and redistribution of Ae. Entomologic investigations have been carried out within the Al-Darb, Al-Reath, Al-Aridah, Abuareesh, Al-Ahad, Samttah, Sabyah, Damad and Beash areas by CO2-baited CDC miniature mild traps within the Jazan region. Vectors have been recognized morphologically, in addition to COI gene phase amplification and sequencing.

The relative abundance (RA%) and pattern of prevalence (C%) have been recorded. The presence of the Rift Valley fever virus in pooled mosquito samples was investigated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain response (RT-PCR). Culex pipiens (C. pipiens) and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (C. tritaeniorhynchus) have been discovered with RA% values of 96% and 4%, respectively, within the region. Significant variations in vector inhabitants densities have been noticed in several districts.

Pipiens was located awfully plentiful in all districts and RA% worth (100%) was recorded within the Al-Darb, Al-Reath, Al-Aridah, Samttah and Damad areas, whereas RA% values (93.75%, 93.33%, 92.30% and 91.66%) have been famous in Al-Ahad, Sabyah, Abuareesh and Beash districts, respectively. Tritaeniorhynchus have been recorded as 8.33%, 7.70%, 6.66% and 6.25% in Beash, Abuareesh, Sabyah and Al-Ahad areas, respectively. Tritaeniorhynchus exhibited an in depth relationship with mosquitoes from Kenya and Turkey, respectively.

In summary, the present research assessed the composition, abundance, distribution of various mosquito vectors and presence of RVFV in several areas of the Jazan region. Our files will aid danger assessments of RVFV future re-emergence within the region. The primary goal of this paper is to make use of Geographical Information Systems for figuring out spatial accessibility to fitness facilities in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia situated on the drive-time evaluation technique. A geo-database was created that features the situation of fitness centers, inhabitants distribution, and street networks. ArcGIS Network Analyst and overlay analyses have been chosen because the evaluation instruments for this paper. The outcomes of the paper point out that fitness facilities that can be found within the northern districts of Jeddah City have fewer registered patients.

There are a number of areas of Jeddah City which have low accessibility to wellness facilities since they fall outdoors the 30 min drive-time service area. These can be found primarily in western, central, and northern metropolis districts. Local wellness planners in Jeddah City can use the created software to allocate further wellness facilities in these less-served districts. Morphological traits have been the gold normal methodology to determine mosquito species.

However, morphological identification has many limitations along with lack of knowledge and damaging of exterior characters because of improper specimen handling. Therefore, we used the polymerase chain response procedure as an built-in software to establish Culex mosquito species to ascertain a extra exact and dependableremember identification system associated to their spatial distribution in Jazan region. We recognized Culex mosquito species and subspecies applying taxonomic keys, after which we used the polymerase chain response procedure as an built-in software to verify and refine the record of Culex mosquito species within the region.

Phylogenetic timber have been constructed for the recognized species, and their distinctive clustering was in contrast with their reference's species within the GenBank. Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the predominant species (45%), adopted by Cx. The most infested areas by Culex within the neighborhood have been Gizan and Sabya.

The PCR achieved one hundred pc success in figuring out the 4 Culex mosquito species. Pipiens species for the primary time in Jazan area when the molecular identification of Cx. Sitiens was reported for the primary time in Jazan area and the complete Saudi Arabia. This research utilized for the primary time PCR to determine Culex mosquito species in Jazan region. The PCR is a complementary and built-in taxonomy-based identification software for mosquito species.

This integration has the capability to advertise and increase vector surveillance and management programs, in addition to defining the genetic variety of species inside the region. Very little is understood about dental properly being care service distribution or geographic entry components (travel time, distance, etc.) inside Saudi Arabia metropolitan areas. We reviewed the literature on the position of temperature in transmission of zoonotic arboviruses. Vector competence is affected by equally direct and oblique resultseasily of temperature, and usually will boost with growing temperature, however outcomes might differ by vector species, population, and viral strain. Temperature moreover has a big have an end result on on life historical past traits of vectors at equally immature and grownup life stages, and for central behaviors comparable to blood-feeding and mating.

Similar to vector competence, temperature outcomes on life records traits can differ by species and population. Vector, host, and viral distributions are all affected by temperature, and are on the whole anticipated to differ with extended temperatures predicted underneath local weather change. Arboviruses are on the whole anticipated to shift poleward and to increased elevations underneath local weather change, however considerable variability on pleasant geographic scales is likely. Temperature outcomes are on the whole unimodal, with will raise in abundance as much as an optimum, after which decreases at excessive temperatures. Improved vector distribution information might facilitate future distribution modeling. A broad range of approaches have been used to mannequin viral distributions, even if most analysis has targeted on the West Nile virus.

Direct temperature outcomes are continuously observed, as are oblique effects, similar to with the aid of droughts, the place temperature interacts with rainfall. Thermal biology approaches maintain a lot promise for syntheses throughout viruses, vectors, and hosts, but future research should contemplate the specificity of interactions and the dynamic nature of evolving organic systems. The fast progress of metropolis inhabitants calls for reasonably-priced healthcare amenities (Alabi, 2011;Danjuma, 2015;Lawal & Anyiam, 2019).

Evenly distribution and accessibility to healthcare centres (Ajala et al., 2017) and/or companies presented to all people can stop unavoidable disability, sickness and illnesses i.e. 'Health for All ' (Alma Ata conference, 1978;Langford & Higgs, 2006;Moisi et al., 2010;WHO, 1981). The annual values of 4 local weather variables appreciably predicted Ae. Temperature has been highlighted in prior research as a predicting variable for mosquito larval improvement and grownup survival (Lord and Day 2001;Sallam et al. 2013). Although temperature is very valuable to spice up the occasion price of mosquito immature stages, additionally it really is the important thing predictor for extended evaporation price of mosquito oviposition/development sites, specifically at transient water our bodies in lowlands after excessive tides or rainfall. Pipiens was additionally described because the primary vector for the distribution of RVFV in Egypt and the Magreb area .

Tritaeniorhynchus distribution was reported within the central and southwestern component of the Albaha location and C. Tritaeniorhynchus prevalence with location of interest modeling was established for the RVFVaffected location of Jazan . The distinction within the distribution sample of mosquito species in several areas could correspond to the habitat and ecology of various areas . A tool, elegant on a geographical details system approach, has been developed for the situation and company of public wellness care facilities in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia.

The potential of GIS for visualizing and modeling accessible details on health-care has been utilized to supply a "best-fit application". The foremost Eastern Ring Road connects the city's south and north, at the same time the Northern Ring Road connects the city's east and west. King Fahd Road runs using the middle of the town from north to south, in parallel with the East Ring Road. Two future railway tasks connecting Riyadh withJeddahandMeccain the western space and connecting Riyadh withBuraidah,Ha'iland Northern Saudi Arabia are underway. But continual metropolis inhabitants explosion challenges the metropolis planners that the right method to keep up commonplace healthcare infrastructure and expertise (Lawal & Anyiam, 2019;Murad, 2008). The metropolis space with an oversized inhabitants measurement has a requirement for improved accessibility of healthcare centres and expertise (Murad, 2008;McGrail & Humphreys, 2014;Mansour, 2016).

Besides, metropolis healthcare centres additionally delivering prone to their rural counterpart as a lot of the metropolis areas appearing as a district or block headquarter, notably in creating nations (Christaller, 1966;Mansour, 2016;Sedenu et al., 2016). This astronaut photograph depicts the downtown district of Al Balad, a residential space traditionally occupied by rich merchants. A main roadway operating alongside the coast, Corniche Road, is a locus for Jeddah nightlife, restaurants, and buying centers. In addition to metropolis attractions, coral reefs alongside the coast (north-south trending islands at graphic left) are frequented by divers visiting the city. Cx pipiens distribution within the Middle East and North Africa was primarily pushed by human inhabitants density and land cover, however not by temperature or rainfall , even if a neighborhood learn in Saudi Arabia located temperature was a very significant predictor for RVFV vector Cx. From the 1940s, Riyadh "mushroomed" from a comparatively narrow, spatially isolated metropolis right into a spacious metropolis.

When King Saud got here to power, he made it his goal to modernize Riyadh, and commenced creating Annasriyyah, the royal residential district in 1950. Following the instance of American cities, new settlements and full neighborhoods have been created in grid-like squares of a chess board created and related by high-performance principal roads to the internal areas. The inhabitants progress of the city from 1974–1992 averaged 8.2 p.c per year.

Riyadh is split into fifteen department municipalities besides the Diplomatic Quarter. Each department municipality in flip includes a number of districts, amounting to over one hundred thirty in total, nevertheless some districts are divided between multiple department municipality. TheKingdom Center,Al Faisalyahand Al-Tahlya Street are the area's most outstanding landmarks. The centre of the city,Al-Bathaaand Al-Dirah, is usually its oldest part. Taeniorhynchus clustered so far as eight km away from the coast inside the generated distribution polygons. King Fahd bin Abdulaziz Al Saud issued Royal Order A/92 on March 2, 1992, referred to because the Regions' System, which offered for the division of the dominion into thirteen emirates.

Subsequently, the 5 earlier provinces have been divided into 13 geographic regions, referred to as provinces (manātiq) and administrative regions, referred to as the emirates of the provinces (imārāt al-manātiq). Prosopis africana is a species of fabulous socio-economic importance, threatened with extinction from its pure habitat in Niger resulting from overexploitation. The foremost goal of this research is to work out the potential geographic distribution of P. africana in Niger. Climatic and botanical statistics has been collected and used to mannequin the distribution, on... An aged healthcare facility is a spot the place healthcare companies are offered for the aged , and such amenities contain group healthcare facilities and group healthcare clinics . These amenities not solely grant a large array of advantages for the aged however in addition grant companies for people who're unable to look after themselves as a consequence of psychological or bodily infirmity.

How To Find The Number Of Moles Of A Gas

The behavior of gases can be described by several laws based on experimental observations of their properties. The pressure of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, provided that the volume does not change (Amontons's law). The volume of a given gas sample is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at constant pressure (Charles's law). The volume of a given amount of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure when temperature is held constant (Boyle's law).

Under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all gases contain the same number of molecules (Avogadro's law). We will consider the key developments in individual relationships , then put them together in the ideal gas law. Gases whose properties of P, V, and T are accurately described by the ideal gas law are said to exhibit ideal behavior or to approximate the traits of an ideal gas. An ideal gas is a hypothetical construct that may be used along with kinetic molecular theory to effectively explain the gas laws as will be described in a later module of this chapter.

To get to moles, use the equation and the molar ratios shown. To get to volume, use the molar volume of gas constants. To get to mass, use the atomic/molecular masses shown in the periodic table. Hydrogen gas has the chemical formula H2 and the molecular weight of 2. This gas is the lightest substance among all chemical compounds and the most abundant element in the universe.

Hydrogen gas has also drawn significant attention as a potential energy source. Hydrogen can be obtained, for example, by electrolysis of the water. You calculate the amount of hydrogen in moles either from the gas mass or using the ideal gas law.

At room temperatures, collisions between atoms and molecules can be ignored. In this case, the gas is called an ideal gas, in which case the relationship between the pressure, volume, and temperature is given by the equation of state called the ideal gas law. The volume and temperature are linearly related for 1 mole of methane gas at a constant pressure of 1 atm.

If the temperature is in kelvin, volume and temperature are directly proportional. Charles's law states that the volume of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to its temperature on the kelvin scale when the pressure is held constant. The molar volume of gas at STP, standard temperature and pressure (0°C or 273K, 100 kPa pressure) is 22.4 litres per mole (22.4 L/mol). In other words, one mole of atoms of a pure ideal gas at 0°C will fill 22.4 litres of space. The molar volume of gas at room temperature (25°C, 298K) and pressure is 24 litres per mole (24 L/mol). Examples and practice problems of solving equation stoichiometry questions with gases.

We calculate moles with 22.4 L at STP, and use molar mass and mole ratios to figure out how many products or reactants we have. The ideal gas law can be considered to be another manifestation of the law of conservation of energy . Work done on a gas results in an increase in its energy, increasing pressure and/or temperature, or decreasing volume. This increased energy can also be viewed as increased internal kinetic energy, given the gas's atoms and molecules. The most common molar volume is the molar volume of an ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure (273 K and 1.00 atm).

Atoms and molecules are close together in solids and liquids. Thus gases have lower densities than liquids and solids. Density is mass per unit volume, and volume is related to the size of a body cubed. So if the distance between atoms and molecules increases by a factor of 10, then the volume occupied increases by a factor of 1000, and the density decreases by a factor of 1000. Use the ideal gas law to calculate pressure change, temperature change, volume change, or the number of molecules or moles in a given volume. To recall the molar volume of gas at standard temperature and pressure and its meaning.

Multiply the volume and pressure and divide the product by the temperature and the molar gas constant to calculate moles of the hydrogen gas. One mole always contains 6.02 × 1023 particles , independent of the element or substance. A mole of any substance has a mass in grams equal to its molecular mass, which can be calculated from the atomic masses given in the periodic table of elements. The ideal gas equation contains five terms, the gas constant R and the variable properties P, V, n, and T. Specifying any four of these terms will permit use of the ideal gas law to calculate the fifth term as demonstrated in the following example exercises. Read on to find out more about the ideal gas law, moles, and examples & tips on how to resolve chemical equations.

The ideal gas law relates the pressure and volume of a gas to the number of gas molecules and the temperature of the gas. Calculate the number of molecules in a cubic meter of gas at standard temperature and pressure , which is defined to be 0ºC and atmospheric pressure. The final temperature is about 6% greater than the original temperature, so the final pressure is about 6% greater as well. Note that absolute pressure and absolute temperature must be used in the ideal gas law.

The answer lies in the large separation of atoms and molecules in gases, compared to their sizes, as illustrated in Figure 2. Because atoms and molecules have large separations, forces between them can be ignored, except when they collide with each other during collisions. The motion of atoms and molecules is fast, such that the gas occupies all of the accessible volume and the expansion of gases is rapid. In contrast, in liquids and solids, atoms and molecules are closer together and are quite sensitive to the forces between them.

In another lesson, you learned about ideal gases and the ideal gas equation. Ideal gases are just what they sound like - ideal. If we partially fill an airtight syringe with air, the syringe contains a specific amount of air at constant temperature, say 25 °C. This example of the effect of volume on the pressure of a given amount of a confined gas is true in general. Decreasing the volume of a contained gas will increase its pressure, and increasing its volume will decrease its pressure. In fact, if the volume increases by a certain factor, the pressure decreases by the same factor, and vice versa.

Volume-pressure data for an air sample at room temperature are graphed in Figure 5. Methods to calculate number of moles of chemicals in reactions using mass, moles and volume of gas. Use the mass of the hydrogen gas to calculate the gas moles directly; divide the hydrogen weight by its molar mass of 2 g/mole.

The molar volume is the volume occupied by one mole of a substance at a given temperature and pressure. Temperature is sometimes measured with a gas thermometer by observing the change in the volume of the gas as the temperature changes at constant pressure. The hydrogen in a particular hydrogen gas thermometer has a volume of 150.0 cm3 when immersed in a mixture of ice and water (0.00 °C). When immersed in boiling liquid ammonia, the volume of the hydrogen, at the same pressure, is 131.7 cm3. Find the temperature of boiling ammonia on the kelvin and Celsius scales.

Imagine filling a rigid container attached to a pressure gauge with gas and then sealing the container so that no gas may escape. If the container is cooled, the gas inside likewise gets colder and its pressure is observed to decrease. Since the container is rigid and tightly sealed, both the volume and number of moles of gas remain constant. If we heat the sphere, the gas inside gets hotter and the pressure increases.

This calculator allows you to input the data you have in any order you wish - so don't stress if you know the molar mass but not the pressure! Our extensive range of units will enable you to calculate the desired value without hassle; you won't have to leave this page! It also provides you with an opportunity to change all the values on the go. A mole of any substance has a mass in grams equal to its molecular weight, which can be determined from the periodic table of elements.

How many molecules are in a typical object, such as gas in a tire or water in a drink? We can use the ideal gas law to give us an idea of how large N typically is. We calculate moles with the Ideal Gas Law, because the conditions are not at STP, and use molar mass and mole ratios to figure out how many products or reactants we have. 1 mole of every gas occupies the same volume, at the same temperature and pressure. Determine the moles of the gas using the ideal gas law equation.

At the same temperature and pressure equal volumes of all gasses contain the same number of molecules. Dn is the difference in the number of moles of gases on each side of the balanced equation for the reaction. What is the gauge pressure in a 25.0ºC car tire containing 3.60 mol of gas in a 30.0 L volume? What will its gauge pressure be if you add 1.00 L of gas originally at atmospheric pressure and 25.0ºC? Assume the temperature returns to 25.0ºC and the volume remains constant. State the ideal gas law in terms of molecules and in terms of moles.

For those reasons, scientists often try to find a way to "linearize" their data. If we plot P versus V, we obtain a hyperbola . Calculate the change in the number of moles of gases, Dn. Calculate the change in the number of moles of gases.

We know that in this reaction, one mole of CH4 reacts with two moles of O2. CH4 has a molar mass of 16 grams per mol (g mol-1) and O2 has a molar mass of 32 grams per mole. Liquids and solids have densities about 1000 times greater than gases.

Explain how this implies that the distances between atoms and molecules in gases are about 10 times greater than the size of their atoms and molecules. Substitute the known quantities, along with their units, into the appropriate equation, and obtain numerical solutions complete with units. Be certain to use absolute temperature and absolute pressure.

Solve the ideal gas law for the quantity to be determined . You may need to take a ratio of final states to initial states to eliminate the unknown quantities that are kept fixed. Let us now examine the role of energy in the behavior of gases.

When you inflate a bike tire by hand, you do work by repeatedly exerting a force through a distance. This energy goes into increasing the pressure of air inside the tire and increasing the temperature of the pump and the air. We first need to calculate the molar mass of acetaminophen. To do this, we need to multiply the number of atoms of each element by the element's atomic mass. Atoms and molecules in a gas are typically widely separated, as shown. Converting Kc to KpCalculate the difference in the number of moles of gases.

To convert between Kc to Kp use the following equation which is based on the relationship between molarities and gas pressures. First you want to make sure all of your units are consistent with the molar mass constant so your units will cancel. Calculate the volume and number of moles of reactants involved in chemical reactions.

The pressure in the tire is changing only because of changes in temperature. First we need to identify what we know and what we want to know, and then identify an equation to solve for the unknown. Suppose your bicycle tire is fully inflated, with an absolute pressure of 7.00 × 105 Pa (a gauge pressure of just under 90.0 lb/in2) at a temperature of 18.0ºC. What is the pressure after its temperature has risen to 35.0ºC?

Assume that there are no appreciable leaks or changes in volume. From the equation for a reaction, we can tell how many moles of a gas take part. Using Avogadro's Law, we can also work out its volume.

Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas, CO2, occupied by 5 moles and 0.5 moles of the gas occupied at STP. A 15.0-L sample of carbon dioxide, at 742 mm Hg and 10.degree C, is changed to 778 mm Hg and 40 degree C. Standard pressure, expressed in mm Hg, is 760 mm Hg. Calculate the pressure in bar of 2520 moles of hydrogen gas stored at 27 °C in the 180-L storage tank of a modern hydrogen-powered car.

This answer supports our expectation from Charles's law, namely, that raising the gas temperature at a constant pressure will yield an increase in its volume (from 0.300 L to 0.321 L). While we can use mass to find number of moles, we need another relation for gases because it is often quite impractical to measure the mass of a gas. Gases are much easier to measure by their volume, or the amount of 3d space they occupy.

The molar mass of a gas is significant in calculations of Graham's law of diffusion. Molar mass is often confused with atomic or molecular mass. Although their values are identical, they describe different quantities. The ideal gas law is generally valid at temperatures well above the boiling temperature.

This number is undeniably large, considering that a gas is mostly empty space. For example, 1 cm3of a gas at STP has 2.68 × 1019 molecules in it. Once again, note that N is the same for all types or mixtures of gases. When air is pumped into a deflated tire, its volume first increases without much increase in pressure.